Oxymetholone - API Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

Oxymetholone

Name	Oxymetholone
Synonyms	17BETA-HYDROXY-2-(HYDROXYMETHYLENE)-17-METHYL-5ALPHA-ANDROSTAN-3-ONE 17b-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene-17a-methyl-3-androstanone 4,5-dihydro-2-hydroxymethylene-17-a-methyltestosterone 5ALPHA-ANDROSTAN-17ALPHA-METHYL-17BETA-OL-2-HYDROXYMETHYLENE-3-ONE 5-ALPHA-ANDROSTAN-2-HYDROXYMETHYLENE-17-ALPHA-METHYL-17-BETA-OL-3-ONE ANASTERONE OXYMETHOLONE 17-alpha-Methyl-2-hydroxymethylene-17-hydroxy-5-alpha-androstan-3-one 17-beta-androstan-3-one,17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-alph 17-beta-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-androstan-3-one 17-beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-alpha-androstan-3-on 17beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3-on 17-beta-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene-17-alpha-methyl-3-androstanone 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-,(alpha,17beta)-androstan-3-on 17-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-alpha-17-beta-androst-3-one 17-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methylandrostan-3-one 17-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene-17-methyl-5-androstan-3-one 17-hydroxy-5-alpha-androstan-3-one 2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone 2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyldihydrotestosterone
CAS NO	434-07-1
EINECS	207-098-6
Molecular Weight	332.48
Molecular Formula	C21H32O3
Product Categories	anadrol; API; Biochemistry; Hydroxyketosteroids; Steroids; Pharmaceutical; Steroid and Hormone; Finished Steroid and Hormone
Mol File	434-07-1.mol

Oxymetholone Chemical Properties
density	1.0834 (rough estimate)
Boiling point	409.59°C (rough estimate)
alpha	34 º
form	solid
Melting point	172-180°C
solubility	H2O: ≤0.5 mg/mL
refractive index	38 ° (C=1, CHCl3)
storage temp	2-8°C
pka	5.28±0.70(Predicted)
Merck	6967
color	white to light yellow
Stability	Stability May be light sensitive. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey	ICMWWNHDUZJFDW-CCTJMHFWSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference	434-07-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System	Oxymetholone (434-07-1)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Oxymetholone(434-07-1)

Safety Information
Hazard Codes	T,Xn
Risk Statements	40-63
Safety Statements	53-22-26-36/37/39-36
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	BV8060000
HS Code	29372900
Toxicity	TDLo orl-hmn: 46 mg/kg/14W-I:LIV JAMAAP 240,243,78
Hazardous Substances Data	434-07-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Oxymetholone Usage And Synthesis
Mechanism of Action	The influence of testosterone in humans takes on two main pathways: generation of the androgen receptor as 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or directly, and by transformation into estradiol and generation of specific estrogen receptors. Unrestrained receptors are transferred into the cytoplasm of the selected tissue cells where it bonds with the androgen receptors, or it is reduced to DHT by 5α-reductase. The binding points are referred to as hormone response elements, and they determine the transcriptional activity of specific genes, which result in the androgenic effects.
Indication	Oxymetholone is indicated for the treatment of anemias that are resultant of ineffective red cell production, such as myelofibrosis, acquired aplastic anemia, congenital aplastic anemia and hypoplastic anemia. The drug should not be prescribed as a replacement for other supplementary measures such as antibacterial therapy, pyridoxine deficiency or vitamin B12, folic acid, rectification of iron, transfusion and the correct use of corticosteroids.
Dosage	The recommended dose of Oxymetholone is 1-5mg/kg administered daily based on the patient’s body weight. The most effective dose is 1-2mg/kg per day, but a patient may necessitate higher doses, which can be individualized. Response to Oxymetholone is not immediate hence a minimum trial period of 3-6months should be indicated. In instances of remission, some patients thrive without the medication whereas an established dosage can support some with lower dose indications.
Contraindications	Oxymetholone should not be prescribed for patients with severe kidney or liver disease, female breast cancer with the affirmation of high calcium levels in the blood, male breast cancer, prostate cancer, and if one is pregnant. Oxymetholone is also contraindicated in patients who have coronary artery disease, diabetes, blood clotting or bleeding disorder, enlarged prostate, high levels of triglycerides or cholesterol, cognitive heart failure or if they are taking blood thinners such as Jantoven, Coumadin and Warfarin. The drug is also contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Oxymetholone, patients with nephrosis and those with adverse hepatic dysfunction.
Side Effects	Common side effects associated with Oxymetholone use in men and women include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, insomnia, feeling excited or restless, increased or reduced libido, breast tenderness/swelling, male pattern baldness and acne. In men, Oxymetholone may result in bladder irritability, a reduction in original volume, epididymitis, chronic priapism, impotence, testicular oligospermia and atrophy, and suppression of testicular function. Prolonged Oxymetholone use can result in blood-filled cysts or tumors in the spleen or the liver. One may need to consult a doctor if they experience painful urination, loss of appetite, jaundice, dark urine, fast weight gain in the midsection or the face, clay-colored stools, pain on the upper section of the stomach and nausea.
Warnings	Oxymetholone should not be prescribed for patients who are allergic to the drug. This drug should not be prescribed for patients who are under 18 years unless it is under strict supervision by a doctor, where the doctor will also take x-rays of the patient every 6 months to ascertain that Oxymetholone is not affecting the child’s bone development.
Description	Oxymetholone is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and 17α-methylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is mainly used for the treatment of osteroporosis and anemia (low red blood cell count). It can also stimulate the muscle growth in malnourished or underdeveloped patients. It also has the potential to treat the HIV wasting syndrome. Oxymetholone can also lead to an even buildup in strength, which is its secondary characteristics, making it an excellent steroid to be coupled with other anabolic steroids to yield synergetic effect.
Chemical Properties	Oxymetholone is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid or powder. Odorless.
Chemical Properties	Off-White to Pale Yellow Solid
Uses	Anabolic steroid. Controlled substance
Definition	ChEBI: A 3-oxo-steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatmen of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.
Brand name	Anadrol (Alaven).
General Description	Odorless white to creamy white crystalline powder.
General Description	Oxymetholone, 17β-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methylandrostan-3-one, is approvedfor the treatment of various anemias.
Air & Water Reactions	Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile	Oxymetholone may be sensitive to light.
Health Hazard	YMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to Oxymetholone may include cholestatic jaundice, hepatocellular neoplasms and peliosis hepatitis. Prepubertal exposure may cause phallic enlargement and increased frequency of erection. Postpubertal exposure may cause inhibition of testicular function, testicular atrophy, oligospermia, impotence, chronic priapism, epididymitis, bladder irritability, clitoral enlargement, menstrual irregularities, increased or decreased libido, excitation, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, leukemia, gynecomastia, deepening of the voice in women, hirsutism and male-pattern baldness in women, acne, edema, retention of serum electrolytes and decreased glucose tolerance. It may also cause higher risk of developing liver cell tumors. Other symptoms include abnormal liver function tests, salt and water retention and masculinization, particularly of the female fetus.
Fire Hazard	Flash point data for Oxymetholone are not available. Oxymetholone is probably combustible.
Safety Profile	Confirmed human carcinogen producing liver tumors. Human systemic effects by ingestion: impaired liver function. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also TESTOSTERONE.
Potential Exposure	Oxymetholone is a controlled substance (US), hormone and a systemic anabolic steroid
Carcinogenicity	Oxymetholone is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.
Shipping	UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
Incompatibilities	Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. May be combustible and light-sensitive.
Waste Disposal	It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, doublebagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.